By profession he is an economist, having graduated from the Faculty of Management at the Academy of Economic Studies in Chisinau. Serghei Puscuta started his career at the Ministry of Finance, where through 1995-1998 worked as an economist, chief economist, and later as a tax policy consultant. For a year, he acted as the head of the Local Taxes and Duties Department at the Fiscal Service. Mr. Puscuta also served as an economic adviser to former President Petru Lucinschi.

In 2000, he returned to the Fiscal Service as a department chief and took over as the director of the institution five years later. In 2008, for a short period of time, he acted as the director of the Center for Combating Economic Crimes and Corruption (currently the National Anticorruption Center), before being appointed as a financial adviser to former President Vladimir Voronin.

In 2010, he became an expert in the World Bank Competitiveness Enhancement Project, then he got elected as the chairman of the Moldovan Insurers Union. From 2012 through February 2016, he held management positions within the JLC group, including the post of general manager.

In February 2016, he took back the top post in the Fiscal Service, and in November 2019 he became a deputy premier and finance minister in the cabinet of Ion Chicu.

According to his property statement, the Puscuta family owns more than 1,000 farm fields totaling around 500 hectares worth over 6 million lei. Farmland earned him more than 1 million lei from lessees in 2019. They also own two apartments, two garages and various buildings, of which one that measures about 1,000 square meters.