He enters the public service in 1998, as an infrastructure (roads) development specialist at the Ministry of Transportation and Communications. Other employments included the State Administration of Roads and road rehabilitation projects.

During 2010-15 he acted as the chief of party of the Road Rehabilitation Project, which was implemented by the Moldova Millennium Challenge Account and concerned the reconstruction of the national road Sarateni-Soroca.

In spring 2015 he returned to government service, first as a deputy minister of transportation and road infrastructure and later as a deputy minister of regional development and construction, and then as the state secretary at the Ministry of Economy. When the government led by Democrat Pavel Filip was sacked, Mr. Usatii got hired as the first deputy governor of the Gagauzian autonomy, in the office of Socialist Governor Irina Vlah.

In November 2019, after the fall of the government led by Premier Maia Sandu, Anatol Usatii was appointed as the new minister of economy and infrastructure in the cabinet of Ion Chicu, the new prime minister.

In March 2020, Mr. Usatii was appointed state secretary in the Ministry of Economy and Infrastructure, the position of minister being occupied by Sergiu Railean. Usatii returns, however, to the position of minister, in almost eight months, after prime minister Ion Chicu removed from office several representatives of the Government on behalf of Democratic Party of Moldova (PDM), including Sergiu Railean.

The dismissal of the four ministers, as well as of the deputy prime minister for Reintegration, appointed by PDM, came as a reply given by the Chicu Government to the decision of the political party, led by Pavel Filip, who announced that, after the elections from 15 November 2020, PDM will withdraw from the government.

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