Ion Chicu had completed his higher education at the Moldovan Academy of Economic Studies and worked there as a lecturer after graduation. In 1994 he takes jobs in the private sector too: first as a department chief and later as the executive director of Moldacom SA.

In 2005, during the Communists Party rule, Mr. Chicu took over as head of the Structural Reforms Department in the Ministry of Economy and Commerce; there he met Igor Dodon who served as a deputy minister.

Some time later he held the post of adviser to then Deputy Premier Zinaida Grecianii, and four months later Mr. Cucu landed in the seat of deputy minister of finance. He returned to Zinaida Grecianii in 2008, when the latter was named prime minister. Mr. Chicu served her as an adviser on economics and foreign policy until September 2009, the time the Communists got swept from power.

The next eight years Ion Chicu worked as a consultant in public finance management in various projects implemented by the Ministry of Finance, the World Bank Office, and the economic consultancy ECORYS.

He returned to the Ministry of Finance as a secretary-general in early 2018, on a ticket from the Democratic Party (PDM), and by the end of the same year he got promoted to the post of minister of Finance. When PDM concedes to relax its grip on power in June 2019, and the Socialists ally with the opposition bloc ACUM, Ion Chicu quit the post.

President Igor Dodon didn't leave him jobless for long - soon Mr. Chicu joined the head of state as his adviser. Three months later the Socialists sacked the government dominated by their ally and Mr. Dodon fielded his adviser to the office of Prime Minister; Ion Chicu won the confidence vote from the same Socialist and Democratic MPs who dumped the cabinet of Maia Sandu.

In the summer of 2020, in the midst of the pandemic, Chicu married off his son and threw a party, even though such events were banned at the time. The prime minister then stated that it wasn't a wedding but rather a 'celebratory meal.'

After Igor Dodon's defeat in the presidential elections, a day before Maia Sandu's inauguration, Ion Chicu announced his resignation from the head of the Government.

However, he returned to the political arena at the end of March 2021, when he announced the creation of a new political party – the Party of Development and Consolidation of Moldova (PDCM). Alongside Chicu are former ministers from the government he led, Viorica Dumbrăveanu and Anatol Usatîi.

In the early parliamentary elections of summer 2021, the party led by Chicu obtained a score of 0.43%.

In 2024, during the presidential elections, Chicu was nominated by the PDCM to run for the position of president. However, he announced that he would boycott the consultative referendum on Moldova's accession to the European Union.

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